What is a Heart Attack? Understanding Causes and Symptoms

A heart attack happens when the blood flow to part of the heart is blocked, stopping oxygen from reaching the heart muscle. Without oxygen, the heart muscle gets damaged, and if not treated quickly, the damage can be serious or even deadly.

Causes of a Heart Attack

The most common cause of a heart attack is coronary artery disease (CAD). This happens when fatty deposits (plaque) build up inside the arteries that supply blood to the heart. Over time, the plaque can harden and block blood flow. Sometimes, a piece of plaque can break off and form a blood clot that blocks the artery completely, leading to a heart attack.

Other causes include:

• Coronary artery spasm: A sudden tightening of the artery can stop blood flow, even without plaque.
• Rare conditions: A tear in the artery or a blood clot from another part of the body can also cause heart attacks.

Symptoms of a Heart Attack

Recognizing heart attack symptoms early is important because quick treatment can save lives. Here are common signs:

1. Chest pain or discomfort: You may feel pressure, tightness, or a squeezing pain in the center or left side of your chest. This is the most common sign of a heart attack.
2. Shortness of breath: Difficulty breathing may occur with or without chest pain.
3. Pain in other parts of the body: The pain can spread to your arms (usually the left arm), back, neck, jaw, or stomach.
4. Cold sweats: You might suddenly break out in a cold sweat.
5. Nausea or lightheadedness: You could feel sick to your stomach or dizzy.
6. Unusual tiredness: Extreme fatigue, especially in women, can be a warning sign.

What to Do if You Suspect a Heart Attack

If you think someone is having a heart attack, act fast:

• Call emergency services immediately.
• Chew an aspirin if available, as it can help reduce blood clots.
• Rest and try to stay calm until help arrives.

Conclusion

A heart attack is a serious medical emergency, but knowing the causes and symptoms can help you act quickly. If you notice any signs of a heart attack, don’t wait—seek help right away to protect your heart.